1. Pacifism
Apart from those hell-bent upon being warriors (and quite a few such people currently in the Middle East and the Ukraine, and maybe Nigeria and the Congo fit that description), for most people on the planet the concept of living in peace sounds a great idea.
We could then also get on with resolving the economic issues that affect us all - thankfully war is not a feature of the lives of many at the moment, particularly in Europe.
The problem remains though that the concept of war is never far away (in Europe again, check the several thousand young men with European passports who have headed off to fight in Syria - one wishes that if they are going to do that they would go to fight for the Kurds against IS/ISIS/ISIL and not the reverse as seems to be case).
I recall several conversations with committed pacifists over the years. My view is that we would all prefer pacifism over all the alternatives, but you have to live in the real world and that is not possible. When met with scepticism (the usual response), I would produce my pet question:
"So what do you do when Hitler's tanks are standing outside your front door?".
This is actually a bit late - summat should have been done much earlier. Hitler's tanks are outside the front door? Not much can be done now ....
Ask the people of Raqqa, which apparently was one of the most liberal cities in Syria before the brutes of IS/ISIS/ISIL arrived and turned it into their stronghold - the sort of place which even the Taliban would find severe.
There has to be a way of resisting Fascism - be it standard European Fascism or the Islamic Fascism emanating from the likes of IS/ISIS/ISIL (and check out the parallels between Hitlerian Fascism and the structures & practices of IS/ISIS/ISIL - including a sort of Islamic Gestapo).
Simple non-cooperation and hoping that they will go away will, sadly, not work. All the time anyway. We can admire what Gandhi and Aung San Suu Kyi achieved, but resistance like that to what is on offer from the extreme Fascistic forces to be faced out there will simply be swept aside - violently and without the slightest consideration for your opinions.
2. Salafists, Jihadis and Takfiris
I was informed the other day that my criticism of Salafists was maybe unfair, and I should instead be referring to Takfiris. The latter should be mentioned in this context for the dehumanised brutes that they are, but I am still not convinced that I am wrong about the Salafists either.
I came across this excellent article the other day and it is well worth reading for those who want a guide to what is happening in the Middle East and the groups involved.
http://www.el-baghdadi.com/index.php/articles/129-analysis-of-islamistjihadist-fears-in-syria
As this was written in January 2013, I am not sure whether the author would now acknowledge that events have changed. What happened to the Yazidi communities in Iraq, for example, makes it sound that there are indeed Takfiris in Iraq and Syria. His Twitter comment in 2012 on what could happen - with Syria becoming a magnet for jihadis - was though frighteningly and uncannily accurate.
3. Moderate Muslims
Apparently there was a very noisy debate on American television in the last couple of weeks in which the actor Ben Affleck took comedian (and anti-religious atheist), Bill Maher and writer (and atheist intellectual), Sam Harris to task over the latter's contention that Islam is inherently oppressive, and pointed out that the majority of Muslims are moderates and not extremists.
For what seemed a loud debate (apparently), there seems to be a shortfall in the argument here. It can be argued that both are actually correct. Looking at Germany where I live, there some 3 to 4 million Muslims, of whom only 6,000 are followers of Salafist thinking and some 400 - 600 (out of 3 to 4 million, work out the percentage) are fighting for Jihad for IS/ISIS/ISIL (and then see also my previous article where I pointed out the comment from one journalist here that many have gone more in search of adventure and have received substantial financial incentives to do so, which for unemployed young men with few prospects must also be a factor).
Logically this must mean that the majority here are moderates - in fact the voices of opposition to IS/ISIS/ISIL from many leading figures in the Muslim community (including various imams in the mosques here) have made this opposition very clear. Islam, they insist, is a religion of peace.
Then there is the flip side of the coin. In the past couple of weeks there are the cases of a young man who was sent back to Turkey (he is 22 and has not lived there since he was 2) by a Bavarian court as too dangerous to be allowed to stay here (including threats to kill his own parents if they did not adopt the more radical form of Islam) and that of a white German convert who this week threatened to kill Angela Merkel, and announced that "we" have been waiting for this moment for 1400 years (he will be in his 30s at most, so it isn't possible for him to have been waiting for 1400 years, but anyway ....), and Muslims in Germany, Austria and Switzerland should head off to Syria to fight for IS/ISIS/ISIL.
The point about these last two cases is that they are getting their information from the Koran - literalist, violent and dominant (as Sam Harris would point out). This is not the religion of peace but of unadulterated violence in the form of jihad. The majority of Muslims may not see this, but the book in question already allows for this. Harris's comments about polls upon support for putting people to death for apostasy in countries like Indonesia and Pakistan should also be taken into account here.
In other words, the picture is confused. I have personally no doubt (and I met several German Muslims of both genders on a course which I was attending in 2010-2011) that the vast majority are moderate - but sometimes the less attractive, uncivilised, brutalised side of the belief system is exposed. And needs to be contained.
It is also worth noting that many of the victims of IS/ISIS/ISIL in Syria and Iraq are themselves Muslims. And in fact Sunni Muslims (Sunnis killing Shias, and vice versa (to a lesser extent) has an unfortunate historical context, but Sunnis killing Sunnis?). As is the case with the Kurds ....
4. Understanding the Kurds
The Kurds have been agitating for an independent homeland for many years. They have been spread over a number of countries across the Middle East (Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran notably) for many years.
They are not Arabs nor Turks. They have some relationship to the Iranians but are not that friendly with them. It is to be noted though that, as stated above, that they are Sunni Muslims. As there are four schools of belief within Sunni Islam, it would take someone with more expertise than myself to explain the differences between the type of Sunni Islam practised by the Kurds and how it differs from that practised by IS/ISIS/ISIL, but you can be fairly certain that the differences are substantial.
IS/ISIS/ISIL have been rampaging through Iraq and Syria killing anyone who falls foul of their definition of Islam, and quite why one set of Sunni Muslims is currently engaged in virtually a war to the death with another set of Sunni Muslims in and around the city of Kobane ..... That would need greater expertise than I can offer. Any contribution to understanding this situation better will be appreciated.
Postscript (January 12th, 2022): unfortunately the above link no longer works. Which is a shame as lucid explanations of this kind are not easy to find elsewhere.